Category: Regulation

Posted on

ROBOTS DON’T TAKE BATHROOM BREAKS: ANALYZING THE APPLICABILITY OF CALIFORNIA’S A.B. 701 LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS

A Note by Kevin Estes

Download the full note here.

On September 22, 2021, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law A.B. 701[1] intending to further protect the health and safety of warehouse workers in the state of California.[2] Authored by California Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, A.B. 701“strengthen[s] warehouse workers’ rights against arbitrary and abusive work quota systems by requiring companies to disclose work quotas to employees and state agencies, and establish statewide standards to minimize on-the-job injuries for employees working under strict quotas.”[3] Although the bill places restrictions on all single warehouse distribution center with 100 or more employees or 1,000 or more employees at one or more warehouse distribution centers in the state,[4] the bill specifically targets Amazon Inc. and their “extreme high-churn model, continually replacing workers in order to sustain dangerous and grueling work pace demands.”[5] To achieve its purpose, A.B. 701 … Read the rest

Posted on

Net Neutrality: Individual Privacy at Risk

By Jason Shultz

Download full note here.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have gained power to limit people’s access to the internet. In March 2017, Congress reversed regulations imposed on ISPs under the Obama Administration. These regulations protected internet consumers from having their access to the internet restricted by ISPs. This note examines the history of net neutrality and why removing regulations on ISPs is dangerous for internet consumers. People are now at risk of having their data sold and being limited in which websites are available through their ISP.… Read the rest

Posted on

Cosmetics Regulations: Loopholes in the FDA

By Claire Chung

Download full note here.

Cosmetic products in U.S. are very loosely regulated primarily because of the lack of enforcement mechanisms of the regulatory agency. This Note highlights the loopholes in FDA regulation and compares the regulatory scheme in U.S. and EC. There have been efforts both on the federal and state legislation such as introducing Personal Care Products Safety Act Proposal, enacting the California Safe Cosmetics Act of 2005 and Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program. This Note proposes that the U.S. should pass the Personal Care Products Safety Act to enhance the current regulatory scheme in the U.S., which will make it more aligned with EC policies in cosmetics safety.… Read the rest

Posted on

Driving Solo: Solutions to the Current Patchwork of Legislation Concerning Automated Vehicles

Download full note here.

By Bryan Boccelli

This Note argues that states across the nation should expand upon and in some cases begin to introduce legislation in regards to self-driving vehicles. Although there are currently a handful of states that already have some form of regulation in effect regarding self-driving vehicles, the current patchwork of legislation is not very conducive for companies and entrepreneurs that wish to enter this market. This Note looks at a gradient system of automation as the basis for legislation that could potentially lead to greater investment from car manufactures in this area of technology. If adopted, a gradient system would mean that the automated vehicle would be subject to specific regulations based on a car’s level of automation. The more autonomous the car is, the more highly regulated it will become.… Read the rest

Posted on

Is Your Bank Account Safe? Financial Institutions’ Bad Faith Malpractice

By Claire Chung

Download full note here.

This Note argues that a poisonous culture in the banking industry, to indiscriminately profit by cutting legal and ethical corners, led to the Wells Fargo scandal in 2016. Wells Fargo had wrongfully profited by incentivizing its employees to meet sales quotas by creating phony accounts using confidential customer information without consent. Although the employees acted alone, liability lies on the employer, Wells Fargo, under the theory of respondeat superior. In doing so, Wells Fargo violated unfair and deceptive financial practices law. Also the scandal raised the issue of whether the mandatory arbitration clause in a financial product purchase agreement should be enforced against consumers or not. This Note proposes a multifaceted solution to address the pandemic of bad faith banking practices.… Read the rest

Posted on

Disclosure Dilemma: Is Disclosure to the Government Enough to Invoke the False Claims Act’s Public Disclosure Bar?

By Daniel Naydenov

Download full note here.

The federal government has a significant financial interest in the $3 trillion dollar health care industry. Due to limited administrative resources, the government’s biggest allies in the fight against health care fraud are individual whistleblowers who are able to file lawsuits under the False Claims Act’s qui tam provisions and share in the recovery. The Act contains a public disclosure bar to prevent parasitic suits by opportunistic whistleblowers. This Note analyzes two contrasting decisions from the Sixth and Seventh Circuits interpreting who qualifies as the “public.” In both cases, the court was asked to determine whether a health care provider’s self-disclosure of misconduct to the federal government was sufficiently public to bar future suits. Ultimately, this Note argues that the Seventh Circuit’s interpretation is more persuasive and closer to striking the proper balance between incentivizing whistleblowers and inhibiting opportunism.… Read the rest

Posted on

Quitting Quill: State Laws Challenge Quill’s Physical Presence Standard for Out-of-State Tax Collection

By Timothy Yuhasz

Download full article here.

Over the last fifty years, one of the bedrock principles of state and local tax jurisprudence has been the physical presence standard. The rise of E-commerce and a shifting economy, however, have for years called into question its validity. States, too, have taken notice, and new state laws are being crafted that either bypass this requirement or challenge it head-on. It may not be long before the physical presence standard becomes a thing of the past.… Read the rest

Posted on

Our Broken System: Modifying the U.S. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Scheme to Decrease Surging Prescription Drug Prices

By Dan Gutt

Download full note here.

The pharmaceutical industry’s societal purpose is to improve the health of the citizenry. However, the industry is beginning to fail that purpose by producing expensive prescription drugs, which are becoming inaccessible to the average person. Pharmaceutical prices began to spike in 2014, and there is no evidence that this trend will abate in the future. The causes of this phenomenon stem from several factors: expensive patented drugs, a reduction in the supply of generic drugs, and the pharmaceutical industries large marketing and sales expenditures. In summation, this is a complex problem that cannot be solved by a single solution, nor can it be solved by cost covering measures. Instead, innovative solutions that target the root causes of spiking pharmaceutical prices need to be applied. Examples of these solutions include governmental bulk-buying power, longer patent terms, referencing pricing for patented drugs, and improved FDA … Read the rest

Posted on

When to Disclose Data Breaches under Federal Securities Laws

By Steven Wittenberg

Download full article here.

Hacking and cybercrime are on the rise.[1] From 2013 to 2015, twenty major data breaches were reported at Fortune 100 companies.[2] Publicly traded companies who have securities disclosure obligations should be aware of their duties under the federal securities laws when it comes to data breaches and hacks.[3]

In 2011, the SEC Division of Corporation Finance issued guidelines for cyber incidents.[4] The SEC stated, “[A] number of disclosure requirements may impose an obligation on registrants to disclose such [cyber] risks and incidents,” although there are no explicit requirements referring to data breaches.

While major data breaches may be material to reasonable investors of public companies, there is no duty to promptly disclose the occurrence of cyber incidents unless there have been selective disclosures, previous misstatements or circumstances making the omission of the hack misleading.[5] The federal securities laws … Read the rest

Posted on

New York’s Legally Dubious and Harmful Sodium Labeling Scheme

By: Joseph Zender

In September, New York City’s Board of Health (“Board”) passed an ordinance that requires restaurants to post warnings on items on their menus that are have high sodium content.[1] The National Restaurant Association is challenging the new law in state court on the grounds that it is overly burdensome and that it circumvents the legislative process.[2] The new law would require restaurants with more than 15 locations nationwide to place a black triangle next to any item on their menu that contains more than 2,300 milligrams (0.08 ounces) of sodium.[3] Not only is the New York City Board of Health’s move legally dubious by circumventing the legislative process and overly burdening the restaurants, it will also have unintended consequences that will affect the community at large in adverse ways.

The sodium posting requirement is reminiscent of another action by the Board back in 2012, … Read the rest