Category: Labor & Employment

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Mobley v. Workday: An Evolving AI Compliance Landscape

A Note by Ashley Morris

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Mobley v. Workday is a groundbreaking legal dispute that sits at the intersection of artificial intelligence (“AI”) and employment law. The key issues in Mobley are whether the use of algorithmic screening tools in hiring decisions, as implemented by Workday, result in unlawful disparate impact discrimination under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, (“Title VII”), under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), or under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”). Another key issue in Mobley centers around whether Workday can be held liable as employer’s agent for unlawful disparate impact discrimination under these three acts. While this case is still pending, it is among the first major cases to challenge algorithmic hiring under antidiscriminatory statutes. It could set precedent for how AI hiring systems are regulated in the U.S. While Mobley was filed in … Read the rest

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Which Side Are You On: Cemex, Mandatory Bargaining, and the Future of Organized Labor

A Note by Jarrett Krouss

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Under President Joe Biden, the frequency of union elections exploded– election petitions increased by roughly a quarter in 2024 compared to 2022 and 2023, and were double those filed in 2021. While many factors have likely contributed to the rise in union elections, the August 2023 National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”) decision in Cemex Construction Materials Pacific, LLC plays a major role. A three-to-one ruling of the NLRB Board, Cemex lowered requirements for the issuance of mandatory bargaining orders. . . .… Read the rest

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Racing Toward Reform: Limiting NASCAR’s Monopsony Power Through Structural Change

A Note by Lauren Hadley

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Since its inception in 1948, the France family has ruled NASCAR with an iron fist. As other American professional sports leagues became increasingly democratic through athlete unionization and joint venture structures, NASCAR remained a dictatorship. In 2016, NASCAR granted teams non-permanent charters, similar to franchises, to build equity and encourage investment. Theoretically, the charter agreement gave teams formal power in NASCAR governance by negotiating and bargaining for better terms every few years. However, during last fall’s charter renewal negotiations, it became clear this was
not true in practice. . . .… Read the rest

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PROTECTING THE EXERCISE BY WORKERS OF FULL FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION: GIVING THE NLRB THE TOOLS IT NEEDS TO UPHOLD THE NLRA

A Note by Sam Smith

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On April 9, 2021, Amazon defeated a unionization effort to unionize at their fulfillment center in Bessemer, Alabama after a hotly contested election featuring significant campaigning by both the company and the Union.[1] The Union immediately petitioned the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or the “Board”) alleging several violations of the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA” or the “Act”) by Amazon,[2] which resulted in the NLRB setting aside the original vote and ordering a new election. [3] The NLRB also reached a settlement with Amazon over its general anti-labor practices in December 2021, forcing the company to issue communications to its over 1.5 million employees informing them of their rights under the NLRA.[4]

[1] See Alina Selyukh, Amazon Warehouse Workers get to Re-do Their Union Vote in Alabama, Nat’l Pub. Radio (Nov. 29, 2021), https://www.npr.org/2021/11/29/1022384731/amazon-warehouse-workers-get-to-re-do-their-union-vote-in-alabama.… Read the rest

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ROBOTS DON’T TAKE BATHROOM BREAKS: ANALYZING THE APPLICABILITY OF CALIFORNIA’S A.B. 701 LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS

A Note by Kevin Estes

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On September 22, 2021, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law A.B. 701[1] intending to further protect the health and safety of warehouse workers in the state of California.[2] Authored by California Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, A.B. 701“strengthen[s] warehouse workers’ rights against arbitrary and abusive work quota systems by requiring companies to disclose work quotas to employees and state agencies, and establish statewide standards to minimize on-the-job injuries for employees working under strict quotas.”[3] Although the bill places restrictions on all single warehouse distribution center with 100 or more employees or 1,000 or more employees at one or more warehouse distribution centers in the state,[4] the bill specifically targets Amazon Inc. and their “extreme high-churn model, continually replacing workers in order to sustain dangerous and grueling work pace demands.”[5] To achieve its purpose, A.B. 701 … Read the rest

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In Case of ERISA Violation: Exhaust the Exhaustion Requirement

By Niya Ge

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This Note argues that when a cause-of-action is based on a statutory breach, employee benefit plan participants and beneficiaries under ERISA should not be mandated to exhaust internal administrative remedies provided by the plan before filing suit in district court. This Note provides a brief background of the relevant ERISA provisions, and will then overview various court decisions and rationales falling on both sides of the issue. This Note argues that an administrative exhaustion requirement does not align with the plain language and Congressional intent of ERISA, and such a reading will only force aggrieved participants and beneficiaries to partake in an inefficient and futile procedural obstacle.… Read the rest

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Moving Forward from the FAMILY Act: Implications for Working Women, Business, and Contemporary Conditions of Caretaking Labor

By Kelly Chen

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In response to the historical rise of women in the workforce, Congress asserted Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) that aimed to preserve women’s employment status through mandating unpaid parental leave. While still in force today, the Act fails to adequately deliver its promise to resolve the difficult choice women face between work and family care. The Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act (FAMILY Act) unsuccessfully sought to provide a comprehensive, national paid parental leave program. This Note argues that a national paid leave program should be resurrected to ameliorate the gender disparity embedded in conditions of parental caretaking. The Note examines the historical development of the FAMILY Act through discussion of FMLA’s goals and limits. Additionally, the Note analyzes popular arguments put forth by the FAMILY Act’s supporters and critics and explains how the Act would have positively affected women and businesses … Read the rest

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The Sharing Economy: Airbnb’s Discrimination Problem

By Jason Shultz

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Racial discrimination is a systemic issue deeply rooted in American society. One company within the sharing economy cannot possibly change the behavior of the individual hosts that are essentially landlords. This Note examines how Airbnb hopes to achieve an inclusive community for its users, how the new policies will affect hosts and guests, as well as Airbnb as a corporation, and how the traditional Fair Housing Act applies to Airbnb’s hosts. Finally, this analysis will illustrate how Airbnb’s new focus on inclusion will impact the sharing economy as a whole. Airbnb needs to work with the government to change the current exceptions that allow certain landlords to discriminate against classes of people. These changes include both eliminating the exceptions and reclassifying how landlords are treated under government regulations. By working with lawmakers and other sharing economy companies, Airbnb can make a large impact … Read the rest

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Chipotle and the Need for HR Oversight In Settlement Avoidance Strategies

By: Matthew Lowe

Introduction

When litigation looms for large corporations, settlement becomes a key part of the strategy discussion. In order to avoid the costliness associated with, and reputational damage from, lengthy trials, it is not unexpected for a company to dip into its litigation budget and pay a premium to avoid the hassle. Some companies, however, adopt the opposite strategy: settlement avoidance. If a company is to adopt such a strategy, it will also need to adopt proper defensive measures, such as the implementation of adequate Human Resources (“HR”) oversight, in order to effectively ride out the storm of the trial.

Background

Following Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. (“Chipotle”) going public in January of 2006, it came to be known as an “industry darling”.[1] Recognized for its transparency and its commitment to utilizing farm-fresh, high-quality ingredients, Chipotle was a trendsetter and leader in the fast-casual movement in dining.[2]… Read the rest

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Pregnancy Discrimination in The Workplace: Proposed Changes in The Law

By: Thomasin Sternberg

The impact women have on the workforce is not minute. In 2010, 46.8% of the labor force in the United States was comprised of women.[1] Yet many working women feel pressured to choose between having families and advancing their careers. The pressure to make this choice is detrimental to the advancement of women, leading to gender discrimination and inequality. According to a study published by UC Hastings College of Law, 43% of working women leave the work force to raise their children. [2] With women in such great numbers ultimately choosing family over work, many employers are mindful of how this choice will effect them when making hiring, firing, and promotion decisions. Oftentimes this leads to gender-based discrimination in the work place when employers give preferential treatment to male employees to avoid the costs associated with maternity leave.[3]

            A number of federal and state laws … Read the rest