Scheme Liability: Devastating, Problematic, Obsolete

I. Capital Markets

With "more than half of all U.S. households," previously assessed at $57 million, participating in equity markets through "investments either directly in securities or indirectly in mutual funds" the need to maintain investor confidence is paramount. [1] Ways of maintaining investor confidence include enforcing strict compliance with established auditing, disclosure, and financial reporting requirements. [2] Furthermore, allowing adequate remedies at law for violations of securities law promotes investor confidence in the capital markets. However, investors seeking private class action lawsuits against potential defendants such as lawyers, banks, and accountants alleged to have aided and abetted securities fraud face a substantial impediment.

In a recent 5-3 decision, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Stoneridge Investment Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. [3] Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy was joined by Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Samuel Alito, Justice Antonin Scalia, and Justice … Read the rest

La Grande Illusion

I. La Règle du Jeu

Société Générale SA (“SocGen”) seemed poised to become one of the strongest and most
well-respected financial institutions in Europe. In April 2007, they had acquired 75% of Banka
Popullore in Albania.[1]
Their stock, listed on the Euronext, reached an all-time high of $158.42 a share
on May 4, 2007, shortly following the acquisition of Banka Popullore. Their performance heading into 2008 had been
so strong that Risk Magazine named SocGen the Equity Derivatives House of the
Year.[2] Risk Magazine noted that SocGen has handled
the recent volatility in the market effectively through the use of innovation
and risk management.[3]

Despite these accolades and accomplishments,
SocGen has spiraled downhill since the start of the New Year.  This
article will examine how a rogue trader nearly brought SocGen to its
knees, why lax banking controls allowed it to happen, and how it can be
prevented in the … Read the rest

Multidisciplinary Practices: Unethical or Inevitable?

I. Introduction

Multidisciplinary practices, or MDPs, have long been the subject of
acrimonious debate between two opposing campaigns, each citing
passionate reasons for why the organizational structure should be
formally established or definitively barred. [1]  Multidisciplinary
practice refers to a professional entity in which lawyers partner with
non-lawyers to provide a mix of legal and non-legal services. 
Efficiency and innovation by this new structure is dampened with fears
of conflicts of interest and dilution of privilege.   The crucial
question as acerbically couched by one scholar has been “whether client
and public interests are best served by ethics rules that preclude
innovation in joint service delivery enterprises among lawyers and
other professionals.” [2]

II. Proponents of MDPs

Client demand for “one stop shopping” has driven professional
services firms and hindered traditional law firms; clients want
efficiency, convenience, and all their answers under one roof. [3] With
an MDP, clients will no … Read the rest

The Format Wars

I. The Phantom Menace for Consumers

High Definition Television (HDTV) was first demonstrated to the public in 1969 and
made commercially available in the mid-1990s.[1] However, upon being made commercially
available, HDTV created a problem for consumers who wished to record
and watch movies. In 1998, more than 90% of households in the United
States had a videocassette recorder (VCR).[2] At the time, most of those VCRs recorded in an analog format, rather than in a digital format.[3] Analog media formats have lower image and sound qualities than digital media formats.[4]
While consumers would be able to watch
videocassettes on their HDTVs, they would not be utilizing the high
definition technology to its fullest. A digital media format needed to
come into the marketplace that could cheaply and effectively record and
play high definition programming. However, instead of one format
establishing itself, two formats have fought to become the next… Read the rest

Analyzing the Beer Market

I. Introduction

On Tuesday, October 9th, London-based
SABMiller and Denver-based Molson Coors announced they would be
combining their brewing operations in the United States, creating a
brewer called MillerCoors.[1] This move is the latest in a growing
consolidation trend among the brewers of the world’s beer. In 2002, South African Breweries purchased
Miller Brewing from Philip Morris, forming SABMiller.[2] Molson Coors was formed in 2004 when Molson, a Canadian brewer, merged with Adolph Coors.[3] Earlier this year, Anheuser-Busch announced that it would be importing Czechvar Beer, brewed by the Czech state-run brewery
Budejovicky Budvar NP[4] into the United States despite a century-long legal battle over the Budweiser name.[5] Most recently, Scotch & Newcastle, the U.K.’s largest brewer, is receiving numerous takeover bids from other major
brewers.[6]

The
first part of this article will examine the SABMiller and Molson Coors
United States brewing operations merger in some detail, including … Read the rest

Economically Reprehensible Behavior, or Benefits and Risks of Morality? (2 of 2)

I. Introduction

This
second article in the series first identifies past assumptions of the
traditional investment model.  Possible additional benefits and
drawbacks of morally responsible investing (MRI) as compared to the
traditional model are pointed out along the way.  Finally, future legal
issues that MRI may raise are identified, and the court’s likely
treatment of such issues is hypothesized. 

II. Getting Past Those Assumptions

Several assumptions from traditional economic theory and law
seemingly hinder MRI.  However, the premises underlying these
assumptions are not on as solid footing as once perceived.  Some of
these assumptions include A) the decreased profitability of MRI, B) the
legal doctrine that a director’s sole responsibility is to maximize
profits and C) the gap between ownership and control in the public
corporation cannot be closed. 

Assumption A.  Traditional economic theory assumes that MRI is
less profitable than traditional instruments because profit
maximization is not the only

Read the rest

Economically Reprehensible Behavior, or Benefits and Risks of Morality? (2 of 2)

Introduction: 

This
second article in the series first identifies past assumptions of the
traditional investment model.  Possible additional benefits and
drawbacks of morally responsible investing (MRI) as compared to the
traditional model are pointed out along the way.  Finally, future legal
issues that MRI may raise are identified, and the court’s likely
treatment of such issues is hypothesized. 

II. Getting Past those Assumptions

Several assumptions from traditional economic theory and law
seemingly hinder MRI.  However, the premises underlying these
assumptions are not on as solid footing as once perceived.  Some of
these assumptions include A) the decreased profitability of MRI, B) the
legal doctrine that a director’s sole responsibility is to maximize
profits and C) the gap between ownership and control in the public
corporation cannot be closed. 

Assumption A.  Traditional economic theory assumes that MRI is
less profitable than traditional instruments because profit
maximization is not the only goal

Read the rest

Billable Hours Be Gone: Should the Hourly Billing System Be Replaced?

I. Introduction

Law firms have adjusted to recent generations of associates that demand a better quality of life in conjunction with their careers. [1] A young lawyer wants it all: a successful career, a family, and time for a social-life outside the office. "Work/life balance" has become a buzzword for firms attempting to recruit the best and brightest. Some firms have responded to the needs of working parents who prioritize childrearing by offering reduced and alternative working schedules. [2] Others allow associates to bill some of their time to pro bono work, which increases the esteem of the profession [3] in addition to satiating a young associate's need to make a difference. While programs such as these move toward the much sought after "work/life balance." they may not be enough to truly achieve a happy, well-balanced life.

"[Practicing law] has become a soul-destroying business. . . . The cynics flourish, … Read the rest

Pro Bono Helps Out Corporate Law

I. Introduction

In a survey by the American Bar
Association (“ABA”), an overwhelming majority of lawyers asserted that
legal professionals should do pro bono work.  [1]  Indeed, the Supreme
Court’s majority stated in a 1989 decision that “in a time when the
need for legal services among the poor is growing and public funding
for such services has not kept pace, lawyers’ ethical obligation to
volunteer their time and skills pro bono publico is manifest.”  [2] 
Though 93% of attorneys polled by the ABA agreed with this statement,
only 66% of these attorneys backed belief with action to do pro bono
work, averaging 39 hours a year per attorney. [3]

In this day and age, almost every major corporate law firms has a
large pro bono program.  [4]  These programs are publicized in news
releases and in large, splashy sections of their web sites.  [5]   But
is this pro bono … Read the rest

Economically Reprehensible Behavior, or Benefits and Risks of Morality? (1 of 2)

I. Introduction

Whether it
is through mutual funds, pensions or direct purchases of shares in
companies, some investors are taking more than profit maximization into
consideration when investing. These investors seek to promote
individual social or moral preferences by choosing investments based on
the products and procedures of an investment, rather than solely on
accounting profitability. Essentially, these investors are looking to
use their money for both moral and monetary profit. Of course, when it
comes to capital markets, the customer, i.e. the investor, is still the
boss. Thus understanding this trend is not merely an academic exercise
but perhaps a lesson to those seeking funding.

II. Analysis

These
moral considerations raise issues of manager responsibility, in light
of the traditional role of corporate and fund managers. The proposition
that corporate directors and fund managers have a duty to their
trustors, shareholders and investors, respectively, to maximize profits
is so

Read the rest