Stakeholders and the Corporate Boardroom: Can Trade Unions help promote Corporate Social Responsibility?

I. Introduction

A meeting
at the UNEP headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya is focusing on the global
trend to include more stakeholders in the corporate governance
structure. The aim of this meeting is to promote links between
environment sustainability, trade unions, and corporations. These
trends are being followed in the U.S. as evidenced by the Securities
and Exchange Commission proposal to allow large shareholders a direct
voice in the nomination of board of directors.

II. Issues

On
January 15-17th 2006, at UNEP Headquarters in Nairobi, the first annual
Trade Union Assembly on Labor and Environment took place.[1] The aims
of the conference were to reinforce the social and labor dimension of
environmental conservation and sustainable development and to
strengthen the relationship between UNEP and the world of labor.[2]
This gathering recognizes that trade unions have a huge role to play in
helping corporations achieve their goals of becoming socially
responsible citizens.

Read the rest

The Bankruptcy Exception to State Sovereign Immunity

On January 23, 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
[1], holding that a state cannot assert its sovereign immunity as
grounds to block the avoidance of a preferential transfer to a state
agency under § 547(b)
of the Bankruptcy Code [2]. At the heart of the matter was whether
Congress overstepped its constitutional power when it enacted § 106(a) of the Code, which waives state sovereign immunity in bankruptcy.

However fair the outcome may be, the rationale of the Court cannot
be reconciled with its prior decisions addressing Congress's ability to
waive state sovereign immunity under its Article I powers. Indeed the
Court's theory of implied waiver does little to justify why there
should be a "bankruptcy exception" at all. On its face, Katz
may be expected to open the door to broader Congressional abrogation of
state sovereign immunity in … Read the rest

Executives are Getting the Green and Shareholders are Seeing Red

The beginning of 2006 usually gives pause to look back on the past year and reflect.  When CEOs look back on the past year their vision may be obscured by the stacks of cash that were bestowed upon them.  It was reported last week that despite small stock gains and slowing growth executive pay continued to swell in 2005. [1]  Always
a hot topic, and often over 400 time the amount earned by rank-and-file
employees at large companies, executive pay is on the top of many
people’s watch lists for 2006.[2]  This article
will take a look at how some justify executive pay, what recourse
shareholders have to stop executives being paid too much and the
proposal the SEC has made regarding disclosure of executive
compensation.

Compensation On the Rise

 

Although
much of the data of 2005 executive pay will not become available until
March
Read the rest

Where Have All the CEOs Gone?

As the year comes to a close, 2005 will be marked as a leading year of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) turnover.[1]  With
1,100 CEOs having already left this year, departures have already
exceeded the previous high set in 2000 when the dot-com bubble burst.[2]  The
trend is a bit surprising as the economy and corporate profits have
both been on an up swing this year. While it might be easy to attribute
the exodus rate to the impact to the pressures of compliance with
Sarbanes-Oxley, there are other factors that seem to provide a better
rationale for this year’s trend.

It should be noted that the majority of CEO departures this year have been voluntarily.  In October, one of the highest departure months with 96 exits, only 5 CEOs left as a result of corporate scandals.[3]  Hence, the majority of this year’s increased rate is not Read the rest

D&O Insurance Coverage: What is it good for?

Corporate scandals over the past few years have been numerous and high-profile.  As a result, the conduct of directors and officers of corporations have become subject to a high level of scrutiny.  In
addition to the public keeping a keener eye on the activities of
corporations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has increased the
potential liability of directors and officers. [1] The Act, having
established new fines and penalties for the corporate board, has had
the incidental effects of causing the price of director and officers
(D&O) liability insurance to rise dramatically and of creating a
need for more sophisticated D&O insurance.  While
D&O coverage does exist, albeit it with higher deductible and
limited coverage, a recent case demonstrates how directors may still
bear the costs of litigation even with a policy. [2]

In
a recent case from the U.S. district of Arizona dismissed the bad faith
Read the rest

Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention Takes Aim at Attorneys

"I don't
think you can make a lawyer honest by an act of legislature. You've got
to work on his conscience. And his lack of conscience is what makes him
a lawyer." [1]

While
the lawyer joke is an art form dating back centuries, it is not
actually the case that firms throughout the country are staffed with
snakes, shysters, and snollygosters. Nor is there much evidence that
attorneys who counsel clients through bankruptcy proceedings are a
particularly shady lot. So it has come as a surprise to many attorneys
that Congress has enacted strict requirements, backed by monetary and
criminal sanctions, for attorneys practicing in consumer bankruptcy.
The burden of personal liability raises fundamental questions about the
role of the attorney and the sanctity of the attorney-client
relationship under the new bankruptcy law.

As
a whole, the Bankruptcy Code as currently in effect reflects an
underlying disapproval of bankruptcy … Read the rest

Real Estate in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast on August 28, 2005 and was one of the worst natural disasters in American history.  Heavy rain and strong winds destroyed much of New Orleans and surrounding areas, leaving the Gulf Coast under water for weeks.  For houses not completely blown to the ground by the 145 mph winds, the amount of damage sustained generally depends on the length of time the home was submerged in floodwaters, allowing mold and rot to thrive in the structure of the home.  Because much of New Orleans was submerged for 2 weeks or more, the secretary of the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality currently estimates that between 140,000 and 160,000 homes need to be leveled and completely rebuilt.  [1] 

How is the real estate market affected in the wake of a devastating hurricane? 

According to the National Association of Realtors, hurricanes have historically had only short-term effects

Read the rest

Will Time Help?: SOX 404 Compliance

September 21, 2005 marked the first open meeting of the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) under its new Chairman Christopher Cox.
More importantly, at that meeting the SEC approved a one year extension
for compliance with Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) section 404 for
non-accelerated filers.  [1]  The
Commission also proposed creating new categories for large accelerated
filers, who would be the only category subject to the initial phase-in
period and would make it easier for some companies to move from
accelerated to non-accelerated filer status. [2]

Section 404 of SOX requires companies to perform an audit of internal controls.  One
of the most controversial sections of the act, under the current rules
accelerated filers must include in its annual report an audit by
independent auditors and a report by management that cover the
company’s internal controls over financial reporting. [3]  For
accelerated filers the
Read the rest

Under Pressure: Delphi Files Chapter 11 in Advance of New Law

On Saturday October 8th, Delphi Corporation ended the intense
speculation of media and industry watchers by filing for Chapter 11
bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern
District of New York.[1]  Sources inside Delphi had indicated as late
as Friday that such a move was likely unless Delphi could negotiate a
last-minute reprieve in the form of a bailout package from its largest
creditors, General Motors and the United Autoworkers Union.

While Delphi is surely struggling, it is not currently strapped for
cash. So why file now? The answer lies in both the legal climate and in
business strategy.

Avoiding the New Bankruptcy Law

Delphi Corporation, along with 38 domestic subsidiaries and affiliates, filed voluntary petitions per 11 U.S.C. §
311 of the Bankruptcy Code, seeking relief under Chapter 11. [2]  In
one of the 40-plus motions filed on Saturday, Delphi requested joint
administration [3] to allow … Read the rest

Regulation FD: Siebel Fought the Law and Siebel Won

Five years after the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) passed Regulation FD (“Fair Disclosure”) a court finally had a chance to interpret its application.  On September 1, 2005 the United Stated District Court for the Southern District of New York dismissed the SEC’s claims against Siebel Systems, Inc. [1]  Regulation FD prohibits a company from disclosing information to analysts and investors that is non-public. [2]   Adopted
in 2000, the regulation has often been criticized for being overly
broad. However until Siebel no company challenged the regulation in
court.

 

Regulation
FD is based on the idea that no group should have advance access to
information about a public company that may impact stock prices or that
may influence trading.  Unsurprisingly, one of the regulation’s main purposes is to prevent insider trading.  In
an effort to help companies comply Regulation FD considers information
to become
Read the rest