Imagine a residential community in which all the residents own tracts of land surrounding a pond that is not accessible to the public. What water surface rights do the landowners have? Can a landowner use the entire pond for boating even if it will interfere with another’s fishing? Can a single landowner keep all others from using the pond for their recreation? Recent state court decisions highlight two very different regimes governing the use rights of nonnavigable waterways. [1]
Historically, state courts have adopted one of two rules governing surface rights over nonnavigable waterways: the common law rule or the civil law rule. [2] Under the common law rule, the owner of part of the lake bed has exclusive use and control rights to the water extending from that property. [3] If ten landowners have equally sized lots adjacent to a pond, each landowner will have exclusive