Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing an epidemiologic transition characterized by demographic, social, and economic changes, and the attendant dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Consequently, resource-constrained health care systems are challenged with developing effective responses to this remarkable 21st century public health problem. The United Nations, World Health Organization, and other international bodies focused on health and nutrition are currently engaged in efforts to formulate comprehensive, multifaceted solutions. An interdisciplinary team of scholars in community and public health, food science and human nutrition in the US, along with collaborators at Makerere University, seeks to address adverse health outcomes associated with malnutrition (i.e., under- and overnutrition) in Uganda.