This project will yield several innovations in the economics of non-market value estimation. First, it will identify whether (and if so, how) estimated benefits of watershed improvement depends on which metric of improvement is used to quantify that improvement. Second, it will test whether (and if so, how) the total estimated benefits of a watershed management project or policy will increase with the number of different ecosystem service improvements that are described to individuals in a valuation survey, or whether respondents attribute their full value for improvement when only a single attribute is described. Third, it will advance practice in cost-benefit analysis by developing tools with integrated hydrological and ecological models to estimate the benefits that accrue to people downstream of a watershed management improvement upstream because of connections between different parts of the system.