Rob Sanford: Publications

Yamamoto, K., Hackley, K. C., Kelly, W. R., Panno, S. V., Sekiguchi, Y., Sanford, R. A., et al. (2019). Diversity and geochemical community assembly processes of the living rare biosphere in a sand- and-gravel aquifer ecosystem in the Midwestern United States. Scientific Reports, 1–11. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49996-z

Deng, J., Zhou, L., Sanford, R. A., Shechtman, L. A., Dong, Y., Alcalde, R. E., et al. (2019). Adaptive Evolution of Escherichia coli to Ciprofloxacin in Controlled Stress Environments: Contrasting Patterns of Resistance in Spatially Varying versus Uniformly Mixed Concentration Conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(14), 7996–8005. http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00881

Chee-Sanford, J., Tian, D., & Sanford, R. (2019). Consumption of N2O and other N-cycle intermediates by Gemmatimonas aurantiaca strain T-27. Microbiology (Reading, England), 61, 533–10. http://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000847

Chen, S., Chee-Sanford, J. C., Yang, W. H., Sanford, R. A., Chen, J., Yan, X., & Shan, J. (2019). Effects of triclosan and triclocarban on denitrification and N2O emissions in paddy soil. Science of the Total Environment, the, 695, 133782. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133782

Schmitt, S., J. L. Conroy, T. M. Flynn, R. A. Sanford, M. C. Higley, M. Chen, and B. W.  Fouke (2019). Salinity, microbe and carbonate mineral relationships in brackish and hypersaline lake sediments: A case study from the tropical Pacific coral atoll of Kiritimati. The Depositional Record, 29, 29–18. http://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.71

Giannetta, M. G., R. A. Sanford, J. L. Druhan. 2019 A modified Monod rate law for predicting variable S isotope fractionation as a function of sulfate reduction rate. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 258, 174–194.

Cannon, J., R.A. Sanford, L. Connor, W.H. Yang, J. Chee-Sanford. (2019). Sequence alignments and validation of PCR primers used to detect phylogenetically diverse nrfA genes associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), Data in Brief, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.dib.2019.104016.

Berns, E. C., R. A. Sanford, A. J. Valocchi, T. J. Strathmann, C. E. Schaefer,  and C. J. Werth. (2019). Contributions of biotic and abiotic pathways to anaerobic trichloroethene transformation in low permeability source zones. J. Contam. Hydro., 103480. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.04.003

Cannon, J., R. A. Sanford, L. Connor, W. H. Yang, and J. Chee-Sanford. 2019. Optimization of PCR primers to detect phylogenetically diverse nrfA genes associated with nitrite ammonification. J. Microbiol Methods, 160, 49–59. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.020

Dong, Y., R. A. Sanford, W. P. Inskeep, V. Srivastava, V. Bulone, C. J. Fields, et al. 2019. Physiology, metabolism, and fossilization of hot-spring filamentous microbial mats. Astrobiology. http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1965

Michelson, K., R. E. Alcalde, R. A. Sanford, A. J. Valocchi,  and C. J.  Werth.  2019. Diffusion-based recycling of Flavins allows Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to yield energy from metal reduction across physical separations. Environ. Sci. Technol, 53(7), 3480–3487. http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04718

Alcalde, R. E., K. Michelson, L. Zhou, E. V. Schmitz, J. Deng, R. A. Sanford, et al.  2019. Motility of Shewanella oneidensis MR‑1 Allows for Nitrate Reduction in the Toxic Region of a Ciprofloxacin Concentration Gradient in a Microfluidic Reactor. Environ Sci and Technol, 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04838

Krichels, A., E. H. DeLucia, R. Sanford, J. Chee-Sanford, and W. H. Yang.  2019. Historical soil drainage mediates the response of soil greenhouse gas emissions to intense precipitation events. Biogeochem. 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00544-x

Sivaguru, M., Saw, J. J., Williams, J. C., Lieske, J. C., Krambeck, A. E., Romero, M. F., Sanford, R.A., et al. 2018. Geobiology reveals how human kidney stones dissolve in vivo. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31890-9

Onley J.R., S. Ahsan, R. A. Sanford,  and F. E. Löffler. 2018. Denitrification by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, a common soil bacterium lacking nitrite reductase gene(s) (nirS and/or nirK). Appl Environ Microbiol 84 (4), e01985 17–14.  https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01985-17.

Orellana, L.H., J. C. Chee-Sanford, R. A. Sanford, F. E. Löffler, K. T. Konstantinidis. 2018. Year-round shotgun metagenomes reveal stable microbial communities in agricultural soils and novel ammonia oxidizers responding to fertilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 84:e01646-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01646-17.

Hallin, S., L. Philippot, L., F. E. Löffler, R. A. Sanford, and C. M. Jones. 2017. Genomics and ecology of novel N2O-reducing microorganisms.Trends Microbiol. 26: 1–13.

Michelson, K., R. A.  Sanford, A. J. Valocchi, C. J. Werth. 2017. Nanowires of Geobacter sulfurreducens require redox cofactors to reduce metals in pore spaces too small for cell passage. Environ. Sci. Technol.  51: 11660–11668.

Singh, R., M. Sivaguru, G. A. Fried, B. W. Fouke, R. A. Sanford, M.  Carrera, C. J. Werth. 2017. Real rock-microfluidic flow cell: a test bed for real-time in situ analysis of flow, transport, and reaction in a subsurface reactive transport environment. J. Contam. Hydro. 204: 28–39.

Dong, Y., R. A. Sanford, Y.-J. Chang, M. J. McInerney, and B. W. Fouke. 2017. Hematite Reduction Buffers Acid Generation and Enhances Nutrient Uptake by a Fermentative Iron Reducing Bacterium, Orenia metallireducens Strain Z6. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51: 232-242.

Dong, Y., R. A. Sanford, M. I. Boyanov, K. M. Kemner, T. M. Flynn, E. O’Loughlin, Y.-J. Chang, R. A. Locke II, J. R. Weber, S. M. Egan, R. I. Mackie, I. Cann, and B. W. Fouke. 2016. Orenia Metallireducens sp. nov. strain Z6, a Novel Metal-Reducing Firmicute From the Deep Subsurface. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. AEM.02382–16.

Sanford, R. A., J. Chowdhary, F. E. Löffler. 2016. Organohalide-Respiring Deltaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria. In Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria; L. Adrian and F. E. Löffler eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; pp 235–258.

Dong, Y., R. A. Sanford, M. I. Boyanov, K. M. Kemner, T. M. Flynn, E. O’Loughlin, Y.-J. Chang, R. A. Locke II, J. R. Weber, S. M. Egan, and B. W. Fouke. Tepidibacillus Decaturensis Sp. Nov.: a Microaerophilic, Moderately Thermophilic Iron-Reducing Bacterium Isolated From a Depth of 1.7 Km in the Illinois Basin, USA. Intern. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. IJSEM-D-16-00105R2.

Yoon, S.; Nissen, S.; Park, D.; Sanford, R. A.; Löffler, F. 2016. Nitrous Oxide Reduction Kinetics Distinguish Bacteria Harboring Clade I Versus Clade II NosZ. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., AEM.00409–AEM.00416. 

Higgins, S. A.; Welsh, A.; Orellana, L. H.; Konstantinidis, K.; Chee-Sanford, J. C.; Sanford, R. A.; Schadt, C. W.; Löffler, F. 2016. Detection and Diversity of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductase Genes (P450nor) in Agricultural Soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 82 (10), 2919–2928.

Dong, Y.; Chang, Y.-J.; Sanford, R. A.; Fouke, B. W. 2016. Draft Genome Sequence of Tepidibacillus Decaturensis Strain Z9, an Anaerobic, Moderately Thermophilic, and Heterotrophic Bacterium From the Deep Subsurface of the Illinois Basin, USA. Genome Announc., 4 (2), e00190–16.

Singh, R.; Yoon, H.; Sanford, R. A.; Katz, L. E.; Fouke, B. W.; & Werth, C. J. 2015. Metabolism Induced CaCO3 Biomineralization During Reactive Transport in a Micromodel: Implications for Porosity Alteration. Environ. Sci. Technol. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b00152.

Hwang, C., A. Copeland, S. Lucas, A. Lapidus, K. Barry, T. Glavina del Rio, E. Dalin, H. Tice, S. Pitluck, D. Sims, T. Brettin, D. C. Bruce, J. C. Detter, C. S. Han, J. Schmutz, F. W. Larimer, M. L. Land, L. J. Hauser, N. Kyrpides, A. Lykidis, 
P. Richardson, A. Belieav, R. A. Sanford, F. E. Löeffler, M. W. Fields. 2015. Complete Genome Sequence of Anaeromyxobacter Sp. Fw109-5, an Anaerobic, Metal-Reducing Bacterium Isolated From a Contaminated Subsurface Environment. Genome Announc. 3, 1–2.

Tang, Y.; Werth, C. J.; Sanford, R. A.; Singh, R.; Michelson, K.; Nobu, M.; Liu, W.-T.; Valocchi, A. J. 2015 Immobilization of Selenite via Two Parallel Pathways During in Situ Bioremediation. Environ. Sci. Technol , 49:4543–4550.

Yoon, S.; Cruz-García, C.; Sanford, R.; Ritalahti, K.; Loffler, F. 2014. Denitrification versus respiratory ammonification: environmental controls of two competing dissimilatory NO3/NO2 reduction pathways in Shewanella loihica strain PV-4. The ISME Journal. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.201

Dong, Y., Sanford, R., Locke, R. A., II, Cann, I. K., Mackie, R. I., & Fouke, B. W. 2014. Fe-oxide grain coatings support bacterial Fe-reducing metabolisms in 1.7-2.0 km-deep subsurface quartz arenite sandstone reservoirs of the Illinois Basin. Frontiers in Microbiol., doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00511.

Orellana, L. H., L. M. Rodriguez-R, S. Higgins, J. C. Chee-Sanford, R. A. Sanford, K. M. Ritalahti, F. E. Löffler, K. T. Konstantinidis. 2014. Detecting nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes in soil metagenomes: method development and implications for the nitrogen cycle. mBio. 5(3): e01193-14.

Basu, A., T. M. Johnson, & R. A. Sanford. 2014. Cr Isotope Fractionation Factors for Cr(VI) Reduction by a Metabolically Diverse Group of Bacteria. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 142, 349–361.

Basu, A., R. A. Sanford, T. M. Johnson, C. C. Lundstrom, F. E. Löffler. 2014. Uranium Isotopic Fractionation Factors during U(VI) Reduction by Bacterial Isolates. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 136C (2014), pp. 100-113 DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.041.

Welch, A., J. Chee-Sanford, L. Connor, F. Löffler, and R. Sanford. 2014. Refined NrfA phylogeny improves PCR-based nrfA gene detection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.03443-13.

Dong, Y., C. G. Kumar, N. Chia, P. Kim, P. A. Miller, N. D. Price, I. K. O. Cann, T. M. Flynn, R. A. Sanford, I. G. Krapac, R. A. Locke II, P-Y. Hong, H. Tamaki, W-T. Liu, R. I. Mackie, A. G. Hernandez, C. L. Wright, M. A. Mikel, J. L. Walker, M. Sivaguru, G. Fried, A. C. Yannarell, and B. W. Fouke. 2013. Halomonas sulfidaeris-dominated microbial community inhabits a 1.8 km-deep subsurface Cambrian Sandstone reservoir. Environ. Microbiol., n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12325

Kirk, M. F., E. F. U. Santillan, R. A. Sanford, & S. J. Altman. 2013. CO2-induced shift in microbial activity affects carbon trapping and water quality in anoxic bioreactors. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 122, 198–208. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.08.018

Flynn, T. M., R. A. Sanford, H. Ryu, C. Bethke, A. D. Levine, N. J. Ashbolt, & J. W. Santo Domingo. 2013. Functional microbial diversity explains groundwater chemistry in a pristine aquifer. BMC Microbiol., 13(1), 146. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-146.

Sanford, R. A., Wagner, D. D., Wu, Q., Chee-Sanford, J. C., Thomas, S. H., Cruz-García, C., Rodríguez, G., Massol-Deya, A., Krishnani, K. K., Ritalahti, K., Nissen, S., Konstantinidis, K., and Löffler, F. 2012. Unexpected nondenitrifier nitrous oxide reductase gene diversity and abundance in soils. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211238109

Flynn., T. M., R. A. Sanford, J. W. Santo Domingo, N. J. Ashbolt, A. D. Levine and C. M. Bethke. 2012 The Active Bacterial Community in a Pristine Confined Aquifer. Wat. Res. Res.  49:WO9510.

Bethke, C. M., R. A. Sanford, M. F. Kirk, Q. Jin, and T. M. Flynn. 2011. The thermodynamic ladder in geomicrobiology. American J. Sci., 311:183-210.

Bopp IV, C. J., C. C. Lundstrom, T. M. Johnson, R. A. Sanford, P. E. Long, and K. H. Williams. 2010. Uranium 238U/235U isotope ratios as indicators of reduction:  results from an in situ biostimulation experiment in Rifle, Colorado, U.S.A.  Environ. Sci. Technol., 44: 5927-5933.

Thomas, S. H., R. A. Sanford, B. K. Amos, M. Leigh, E. Cardenas, and F. E. Loffler. 2010  Unique ecophysiology among U(VI)-reducing bacteria as revealed by evaluation of oxygen metabolism in Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans  strain 2CP-C. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 76: 176-183.

Thomas, S. H., E. Padilla-Crespo, P. M. Jardine, R. A. Sanford, and F. E. Löffler.  2009, Diversity and distribution of Anaeromyxobacter strains in a Uranium-contaminated subsurface environment with nonuniform flow. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 75: 3679-3687.

Piggot, A. M., B. W. Fouke, M. Siyaguru, R. A. Sanford, and H. R. Gaskins. 2009.  Change in zooxanthellae and mucocyte tissue density as an adaptive response to environmental stress by the coral, Montastraea annularis.  Mar. Biol., 156: 2379-2389.

Marshall1, M. J., A. C. Dohnalkova, D. W. Kennedy, A. E. Plymale1, S. H. Thomas, F. E. Löffler, R. A. Sanford, J. M. Zachara, J. K. Fredrickson, and A. S. Beliaev.  2009, Electron donor-dependent radionuclide reduction and nanoparticle formation by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C. Environ. Microbiol., 11: 534-543.

Park, J., R. A. Sanford, and C. M. Bethke. 2009, Microbial activity and chemical weathering in the Middendorf aquifer, South Carolina.  Chemical Geology 258: 232-241.

Strycharz, S. M., T. L. Woodard, J. P. Johnson, K. P. Nevin, R. A. Sanford, F. E. Löffler, and D. R. Lovley. 2008, Graphite electrode as a sole electron donor for reductive dechlorination of tetrachlorethene by Geobacter lovleyi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74: 5943-5947.

Thomas, S. H., R. D. Wagner, A. K. Arakaki, J. Skolnick, J. R. Kirby, L. J. Shimkets, R. A. Sanford, F. E. Löffler.  2008, The mosaic genome of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C suggests an aerobic common ancestor to the delta-Proteobacteria.  Plos One, 3(5) e2103.

Bethke, C. M., D. Ding, Q. Jin and R. A. Sanford. 2008, Origin of microbiological zoning in groundwater flows. Geology, 36:739-742.

Flynn, T. M., R. A. Sanford and C. M. Bethke. 2008, Attached and suspended microbial communities in a pristine confined aquifer. Wat. Res. Res. 44, W07425, doi:10.1029/2007WR006633.

Kwon, M-J., R. A. Sanford, J. Park, M. F. Kirk, and C. M. Bethke.  2008 Microbiological response to well pumping. Ground Water, 46:286-294.

Sanford, R. A., Q. Wu, Y. Sung, S. H. Thomas, B. K. Amos, E. K. Prince and F. E. Löffler.  2007, Hexavalent uranium supports growth of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, and Geobacter spp. with lower than predicted biomass yields.  Environ. Microbiol., 9: 2885-2893.

Klaus, J. S., I. Janse, J. M. Heikoop, R.A. Sanford, and  B.W. Fouke. 2007, Coral microbial communities, zooxanthellae, and mucus along gradients of seawater depth and coastal pollution. Environ. Microbiol., 9: 1291-1305.

Mehnert, E., T. R. Holm, T. M. Johnson and R. A. Sanford,  2007, Denitrification in the shallow ground water of a tile-drained, agricultural watershed. J. of Environmental Quality., 36: 80-90.

Rademacher, L., C. Lundstrom, T. Johnson, R. A. Sanford, J. Zhou, and Z. Zhang. 2006, Experimentally determined uranium isotope fractionation during bacterial and abiotic reduction. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40: 6943-6948.

Brennan, R. A., R. A. Sanford, and C. J. Werth, 2006, Chitin and corncobs as electron donor sources for the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene. Water Research., 40: 2125-2134.

Wu, Q., R. A. Sanford and F. E. Löffler, 2006, Uranium(VI) reduction by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72: 3608-3614.

Roadcap, G., R. A. Sanford, Q. Jin, J. R. Pardinas, and C. M. Bethke, 2006, Extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water hosts diverse microbial community. Ground Water, 44:511-517.

Park, J., R.A. Sanford and C.M. Bethke, 2006.  Geochemical and microbiological zonation of the Middendorf Aquifer, South Carolina. Chemical Geology., 230: 88-104.

Sung, Y.,  K. Fletcher, K. M. Ritalahti, R. P. Apkarian, N. Ramos-Hernandez, R. A. Sanford, N. Mesbah, and F. E. Löffler, 2006, Geobacter lovleyi sp. nov. strain SZ, a novel metal-reducing and tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating bacterium Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72: 2775-2782.

Brennan, R. A., R. A. Sanford and C. J. Werth, 2006, Biodegradation of tetrachloroethene by chitin fermentation products in a continuous flow column system. J. of Environ. Eng., 132: 664-673.

Shimomura, T. and R. A. Sanford. 2005, Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethene in a Sand Reactor Using a Potentiostat. J. Environ. Qual., 34: 1435-1438.

Cupples, A. M., R. A. Sanford, and G. K. Sims, 2005, Dehalogenation of the Herbicides Bromoxynil (3,5-Dibromo-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile) and Ioxynil (3,5-Diiodino-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile) by Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 3741-3746.

Holt, J., S. Hothem, H. Howerton, R. Larson, and R. Sanford, 2005, 9.10-Phenanthrenequinone photoautocatalyzes its formation from phenanthrene, and inhibits biodegradation of naphthalene. J. Environ. Qual., 34:462-468.

He, Q. and R. A. Sanford. 2004.  Acetate threshold concentrations suggest varying energy requirements during anaerobic respiration by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,  70:6940-6943.

Kirk, M. F., T. R. Holm, J. Park, Q. Jin, R. A. Sanford, B. W. Fouke, and C. M. Bethke. 2004. Bacterial sulfate reduction limits Arsenic contamination in groundwater.  Geology 32: 953-956.

He, Q. and R. A. Sanford. 2004.  The generation of high biomass from chlororespiring bacteria using a continuous fed-batch bioreactor. Appl. Microbiol. and Biotech. 65: 377-382.

Nambi, I. M., C. J. Werth, R. A. Sanford, and A. J. Valocchi.  2003.  Pore-scale analysis of anaerobic halorespiring bacterial growth along the transverse mixing zone of an etch silicon pore network.  Environ. Sci. Technol.  37: 5617-5624.

Sung, Y., K. M. Ritalahti, R. A. Sanford, J. W. Urbance, S. J. Flynn, J. M. Tiedje, and F. E. Löffler.  2003. Characterization of two tetrachloroethene-reducing, acetate-oxidizing anaerobic bacteria and their description as Desulfuromonas michiganensis sp. nov. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 2964-2974.

He, Q. and R. A. Sanford. 2003.  Characterization of Fe(III) reduction by chlororespiring Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenansAppl. Environ. Microbiol..  69:  2712-2718.

He, Q. and R. A. Sanford. 2002.  Induction characteristics of reductive dehalogenation in the ortho-halophenol respiring bacterium, Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans. Biodegradation, 13: 307-316.

Brennan, R. A. and R. A. Sanford.  2002. Continuous steady-state method using Tenax for delivering tetrachloroethene to chloro-respiring bacteria.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68: 1464-1467.

Sanford, R. A., J. R. Cole, and J. M. Tiedje. 2002.  Characterization and description of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans gen. nov., sp. nov., an aryl-halorespiring facultative anaerobic myxobacterium.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68: 893-900.

Vera, S. M., C. J. Werth, and R. A. Sanford.  2001.  Evaluation of different polymeric organic materials for creating conditions that favor reductive processes in groundwater.  Bioremediation J., 5: 169-181.

Skerlos, S.J., N. Rajagopalan, R.E. DeVor, S.G. Kapoor, R.A. Sanford. 2001. Model of biomass concentration in a metalworking fluid reservoir subject to continuous biofilm contaminantion during the use of membrane filtration to control microorganism growth. Accepted Transactions of NAMRI/SME, Volume 29, May.

Sun, B., J. R. Cole, R. A. Sanford, and J. M. Tiedje. 2000. Isolation and characterization of Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans sp. nov., a marine dechlorinating bacterium growing by coupling the oxidation of acetate to the reductive dechlorination of 2-chlorophenol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66: 2408-2413.

Rockne, K. J., J.C. Chee-Sanford, R. A. Sanford, B. P. Hedlund, J. T. Staley, and S. E. Strand. 2000. Anaerobic naphthalene degradation by microbial pure cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions.  Appl. Environ. Microbial.  66:  1595-1601.

Löffler, F. E., J. M. Tiedje, and R. A. Sanford.  1999. The fraction of electrons consumed in electron acceptor reduction (fe) and hydrogen thresholds as indicators of halorespiratory physiology. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 4049-4056.

Natarajan, M. R., W.-M. Wu, R. Sanford, and M. K. Jain.  1999.  Degradation of biphenyl by methanogenic microbial consortium.  Biotechnol. Lett.  21:741-745.

Sanford, R. A. and J. M. Tiedje.  1997.  Chlorophenol dechlorination and subsequent degradation in identifying microcosms fed low concentrations of nitrate. Biodegradation  7: 425-434.

Sanford, R. A. , J. R. Cole, F. E. Löffler and J. M. Tiedje.  1996.  Characterization of Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans sp. nov., which grows by coupling the oxidation of lactate to the reductive dechlorination of 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  62: 3800-3808.

Löffler, F. E., R. A. Sanford and J. M. Tiedje.  1996.  Initial characterization of a reductive dehalogenase from Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans strain Co23.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 3809-3813.

Mahaffey, W. and R. A. Sanford.  1991.  Bioremediation of PCP contaminated soil: bench to full scale implementation.  Remediation 1(3): 305-323.

Sanford, R.  A. and D. A. Klein.  1988.  Environmental bioremediation for organometallic compounds: microbial growth and arsenic volatilization from soil and retorted shale.  Applied Organometallic Chemistry  2:159-169.

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