In this talk, I will discuss cross-linguistic differences in the interpretation and production of pronouns and anaphors in Korean and English, with a focus on how these differences affect second language acquisition. While English anaphors such as himself are constrained by syntactic rules (i.e., Binding Principle A), Korean anaphors like caki, casin, and caki–casin are licensed under a combination of both syntactic and discoursal factors. Similarly, Korean pronouns allow a broader range of interpretations than their English counterparts, often relying on context and other factors. These cross-linguistic differences contribute to systematic errors in the interpretation and production of referential expressions by second language learners. Based on findings from a series of experimental studies (Kim, 2023, 2024; Kim & Yoon, 2020), I will show that L1-Korean L2-English learners frequently transfer Korean-specific properties of anaphors and pronouns when interpreting English counterparts, resulting in non-targetlike performance. I will also present data of English-speaking learners of Korean from my Korean classrooms highlighting how these interpretive challenges similarly emerge in their comprehension and production of Korean.