Investigation of nominal expressions in Korean: focusing on honorific features

Korean has a highly intricate honorific system in which the speaker encodes their respect toward a target discourse referent. In particular, subject honorification is marked by attaching the verbal suffix –si– to the verb, instantiating a form of subject–verb agreement. While Korean honorific agreement bears resemblance to number or person agreement in languages like English and Spanish, it also exhibits a key difference: the agreement requirement is asymmetrical. Specifically, while –si– must be licensed by an honorifiable subject referent—eliciting a P600 when it appears with a non-honorifiable subject (Kwon & Sturt, 2024)—an honorifiable subject does not require the presence of –si-. In other words, –si– triggers an agreement relation that depends on the honorific status of the subject, but the subject itself does not obligatorily trigger verbal marking. These findings suggest that in Korean, honorific features are morphosyntactically encoded at the verbal level, and while honorificity is a feature of the noun phrase, it only influences sentence-level grammar when explicitly marked on the verb. This asymmetry supports the view that honorific agreement in Korean functions as a syntactic dependency grounded in discourse-sensitive features.

Nominals and Nominalizations in Korean and Beyond
Email: chaeeun4@illinois.edu